The Ottoman Empire

By 1520 the Ottoman Empire, founded c. 1300 by Sultan Osman I, controlled large portions of Asia, the Middle East, and most of southeast Europe. Austria and Russia attacked the northern fringes throughout the period, and the empire slowly collapsed in the 19th century as the Balkan nations emerged.

Map of Ottaman Empire: Rise and Fall of Ottomans

Empire based around the Turkish sultan, lasting from 1300 until 1922, and covering at her peak (1683- 99) an area including today's Hungary, Yugoslavia, Croatia (a part), Bosnia, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria, southern Ukraine, Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Iraq, Kuwait, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, eastern and western Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain, eastern Yemen, Egypt, northern Libya, Tunisia, and northern Algeria.

The Ottoman Empire was not a Turkish empire as such, since Turks did not profit more from the benefits of the state than the peoples in non-Turkish territories. And even though the first sultans were Turkish, they generally married non-Turkish women, so the race of later sultans was not Turkish either.

The empire was through most of its period not a state in the modern sense of the word, but more of a military administration.

Timeline of Ottoman Empire

While the Ottoman Empire at its death bed had few friends, it still had offered its inhabitants many benefits through most of its existence. For Muslims it was considered as a defence against the non-Muslim world. For non-Muslims it offered a better life and more security than Christian states up until the 18th century. For most of its inhabitants it had offered career possibilities. And it offered peace and relative harmony to all its inhabitants despite cultural and ethnic differences.

Territories of the Ottoman Empire

Europe	Albania - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bulgaria - Greece - Hungary - Macedonia - Moldovia - Montenegro - Romania - Serbia - Ukraine

Africa	Algeria - Chad - Egypt - Eritrea - Ethiopia - Libya - Morocco - Sudan - Tunisia

Asia	Cyprus - Iraq - Lebanon - Palestine - Saudi Arabia - Syria - Turkey

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Last modified: 2016-08-27

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