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Diversity

 

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Summary by Linguistic Diversity

Table 6 repeats the information in table 5 but presents the countries in order of their linguistic diversity, from most diverse to least diverse. The Index column reports Greenberg's diversity index. This is the probability that any two people of the country selected at random would have different mother tongues (Lieberson 1981). The highest possible value, 1, indicates total diversity (that is, no two people have the same mother tongue) while the lowest possible value, 0, indicates no diversity at all (that is, everyone has the same mother tongue). The computation of the diversity index is based on the population of each language as a proportion of the total population. The Coverage column indicates the completeness of the computation by reporting the percentage of languages in the country for which population estimates are available. Missing values are compensated for by using the total of known language populations (shown in the Count column) as the total population, rather than an estimate of the country's population.

Table 6. Linguistic diversity of countries (from highest to lowest)

Country    Diversity Living languages Number of speakers
Index Coverage Total Percent Indigenous Immigrant Count Mean Median
Papua New Guinea 0.990 100%820 11.86 8200 3,665,383 4,470 1,196
Vanuatu 0.972 98%115 1.66109 6119,759 1,041 400
Solomon Islands 0.965 99%70 1.0170 0354,001 5,057 2,767
Tanzania 0.965 90%128 1.85127 125,837,668 201,857 87,000
Central African Republic 0.960 95%79 1.1469 103,404,818 43,099 15,000
Chad 0.950 93%133 1.92132 15,909,406 44,432 11,828
Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.948 93%216 3.12214 237,945,510 175,674 26,000
Cameroon 0.942 96%280 4.05279 19,638,055 34,422 8,500
India 0.930 94%427 6.18415 12943,283,395 2,209,095 28,600
Mozambique 0.929 95%43 0.6243 016,210,221 376,982 150,000
Uganda 0.928 89%46 0.6743 317,009,328 369,768 200,000
Gabon 0.919 93%41 0.5941 0609,423 14,864 6,000
Côte d'Ivoire 0.917 87%92 1.3378 149,220,274 100,220 26,448
Liberia 0.912 94%31 0.4530 12,463,817 79,478 47,000
Benin 0.901 96%55 0.8054 16,449,442 117,263 62,000
Kenya 0.901 94%64 0.9361 326,408,109 412,627 112,000
East Timor 0.897 95%19 0.2719 0531,480 27,973 20,000
Togo 0.897 90%42 0.6139 33,978,381 94,723 40,000
Mali 0.876 89%54 0.7850 49,031,529 167,251 50,000
Nigeria 0.870 89%516 7.47510 690,026,548 174,470 12,000
South Africa 0.869 71%35 0.5124 1141,151,149 1,175,747 250,000
Zambia 0.855 84%44 0.6441 310,673,160 242,572 74,800
Guinea-Bissau 0.853 88%25 0.3621 41,439,995 57,600 8,170
Philippines 0.849 96%180 2.60171 970,556,507 391,981 16,043
Bhutan 0.846 74%31 0.4524 7657,528 21,211 8,000
Indonesia 0.846 97%742 10.73 7375 218,607,876 294,620 3,500
Ethiopia 0.843 98%86 1.2484 253,388,969 620,802 23,785
New Caledonia 0.834 100%41 0.5939 2147,491 3,597 947
Congo 0.820 91%66 0.9562 42,935,116 44,471 9,599
Sierra Leone 0.817 88%25 0.3624 14,739,450 189,578 85,000
Namibia 0.808 69%36 0.5228 81,154,615 32,073 12,000
Ghana 0.805 87%83 1.2079 420,119,660 242,406 30,000
Iran 0.797 68%79 1.1475 473,367,033 928,697 80,000
Micronesia 0.792 95%19 0.2718 1110,053 5,792 1,631
Suriname 0.788 75%20 0.2916 4628,827 31,441 7,008
Angola 0.785 93%41 0.5941 011,018,012 268,732 39,403
United Arab Emirates 0.777 75%36 0.527 291,773,641 49,268 5,000
Burkina Faso 0.773 94%69 1.0068 111,019,638 159,705 24,000
Senegal 0.772 90%41 0.5936 59,479,825 231,215 16,700
Pakistan 0.762 87%77 1.1172 5137,566,712 1,786,581 50,000
Malaysia 0.758 87%147 2.13140 715,676,135 106,640 3,677
Thailand 0.753 75%83 1.2074 953,478,502 644,319 20,000
Eritrea 0.749 61%18 0.2612 62,965,000 164,722 107,000
Gambia 0.748 73%22 0.329 131,113,325 50,606 12,600
Guinea 0.748 79%38 0.5534 46,647,526 174,935 13,000
Singapore 0.748 83%30 0.4321 92,619,376 87,313 10,000
Nepal 0.742 94%125 1.81123 222,983,905 183,871 6,533
Belgium 0.734 71%28 0.419 1912,304,650 439,452 63,600
Afghanistan 0.732 90%51 0.7447 411,968,781 234,682 3,768
Kazakhstan 0.701 81%43 0.627 3615,169,608 352,782 22,871
Trinidad and Tobago 0.696 100%7 0.106 174,333 10,619 4,100
Belize 0.693 67%12 0.178 4179,582 14,965 8,455
Oman 0.693 76%21 0.3013 81,554,063 74,003 22,000
Guatemala 0.691 96%54 0.7854 09,141,619 169,289 33,800
Bolivia 0.680 95%39 0.5636 38,498,022 217,898 1,300
Laos 0.678 95%86 1.2482 45,387,373 62,644 6,000
Kyrgyzstan 0.670 84%32 0.463 295,060,314 158,135 14,000
Iraq 0.666 88%25 0.3621 422,595,945 903,838 40,000
Israel 0.665 83%48 0.6933 158,668,332 180,590 45,000
Bahrain 0.663 82%11 0.163 8557,589 50,690 25,000
Norway 0.657 67%21 0.3011 10177,168 8,437 5,000
Madagascar 0.656 93%15 0.2213 210,571,000 704,733 350,000
Niger 0.646 100%21 0.3021 09,230,862 439,565 30,000
Northern Mariana Islands 0.642 57%7 0.104 326,805 3,829 4,400
Mauritius 0.641 85%13 0.196 71,157,798 89,061 31,000
Guam 0.640 62%8 0.122 6121,800 15,225 24,000
Saudi Arabia 0.609 90%20 0.295 1516,057,746 802,887 60,000
Qatar 0.608 83%6 0.093 3205,250 34,208 19,950
Fiji 0.607 65%20 0.2910 10809,457 40,473 4,929
French Polynesia 0.596 91%11 0.169 2192,758 17,523 3,400
Nauru 0.596 67%9 0.133 610,009 1,112 714
Latvia 0.595 92%12 0.175 72,586,615 215,551 40,000
Italy 0.593 86%42 0.6133 988,717,451 2,112,320 50,626
Djibouti 0.592 83%6 0.095 1660,247 110,041 52,000
Moldova 0.589 69%13 0.195 84,399,547 338,427 138,000
Sudan 0.587 90%134 1.94134 023,492,482 175,317 16,000
Yemen 0.579 71%14 0.208 615,720,307 1,122,879 70,643
Georgia 0.576 96%24 0.3512 126,133,146 255,548 38,000
Andorra 0.574 100%5 0.073 260,870 12,174 2,400
Macedonia 0.566 70%10 0.149 12,320,467 232,047 120,000
Kuwait 0.556 71%7 0.103 4819,358 117,051 85,000
Comoros 0.551 75%8 0.127 1523,314 65,414 1,700
Canada 0.549 81%145 2.1085 6027,388,756 188,888 2,353
Cayman Islands 0.547 100%3 0.041 242,974 14,325 20,000
Switzerland 0.547 62%26 0.3812 146,570,769 252,722 53,000
Austria 0.540 79%19 0.279 1015,113,863 795,466 23,000
Zimbabwe 0.526 76%21 0.3019 215,795,670 752,175 137,000
Monaco 0.521 100%3 0.043 027,000 9,000 5,100
Myanmar 0.521 88%113 1.63108 546,627,310 412,631 21,000
Malawi 0.519 68%22 0.3214 810,314,480 468,840 170,000
Egypt 0.509 76%21 0.3011 1069,089,400 3,289,971 100,000
Syria 0.503 78%18 0.2615 312,850,000 713,889 30,000
Gibraltar 0.498 67%3 0.042 16,200 2,067 2,900
Luxembourg 0.498 100%6 0.093 3447,800 74,633 13,100
San Marino 0.494 100%2 0.032 045,112 22,556 20,112
Ukraine 0.492 79%39 0.5610 2946,450,195 1,191,031 24,000
China 0.491 98%241 3.49235 61,226,606,396 5,089,653 30,000
Taiwan 0.488 81%27 0.3922 522,057,144 816,931 4,750
Jordan 0.484 80%15 0.229 65,028,193 335,213 10,000
Tajikistan 0.482 82%33 0.489 244,816,568 145,957 6,000
French Guiana 0.480 80%15 0.2210 570,492 4,699 800
Estonia 0.476 94%16 0.232 141,467,370 91,711 1,610
Morocco 0.466 80%10 0.149 126,448,925 2,644,892 80,000
Mayotte 0.459 100%4 0.064 0137,000 34,250 2,744
Brunei 0.456 79%19 0.2717 2341,573 17,978 6,566
Equatorial Guinea 0.453 93%14 0.2014 0355,164 25,369 5,000
Botswana 0.444 78%37 0.5428 91,450,888 39,213 6,000
Spain 0.438 70%20 0.2913 738,801,740 1,940,087 25,000
Uzbekistan 0.428 85%40 0.587 3322,066,002 551,650 29,000
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.416 75%8 0.124 45,323,000 665,375 400,000
Wallis and Futuna 0.407 100%3 0.043 013,337 4,446 3,600
Belarus 0.397 89%9 0.131 88,797,031 977,448 231,000
Netherlands 0.389 58%38 0.5515 2315,913,060 418,765 45,000
São Tomé e Príncipe 0.389 100%5 0.074 191,450 18,290 5,000
Aruba 0.387 80%5 0.073 277,989 15,598 5,289
Bahamas 0.386 100%4 0.062 2295,131 73,783 20,000
Turkmenistan 0.386 93%27 0.393 244,419,733 163,694 5,289
Cook Islands 0.379 100%6 0.095 121,619 3,603 683
Peru 0.376 96%94 1.3693 125,447,086 270,714 5,000
Azerbaijan 0.373 83%35 0.5114 217,761,112 221,746 5,208
Cyprus 0.366 67%6 0.094 2759,040 126,507 2,740
Libya 0.362 71%14 0.209 55,409,186 386,370 7,000
Serbia and Montenegro 0.359 71%14 0.2011 312,953,366 925,240 80,000
USA 0.353 73%311 4.50162 149262,740,392 844,824 700
Paraguay 0.347 100%26 0.3820 65,815,850 223,687 6,705
Lithuania 0.339 73%11 0.164 73,675,303 334,118 45,000
U.S. Virgin Islands 0.339 100%4 0.062 265,308 16,327 4,444
Bangladesh 0.332 78%46 0.6739 7123,877,068 2,692,980 17,695
Mongolia 0.331 67%15 0.2213 22,869,750 191,317 27,000
Panama 0.324 72%18 0.2614 42,580,472 143,360 3,000
Algeria 0.313 64%22 0.3218 424,859,164 1,129,962 40,000
Dominica 0.313 100%3 0.043 052,800 17,600 10,000
Sri Lanka 0.313 86%7 0.107 016,317,876 2,331,125 50,000
Slovakia 0.307 67%12 0.1710 25,898,350 491,529 50,000
Turkey 0.289 78%45 0.6534 1155,100,539 1,224,456 25,000
Russia 0.283 91%129 1.87101 28139,356,854 1,080,286 10,000
France 0.272 62%66 0.9529 3759,861,314 906,990 50,000
Netherlands Antilles 0.266 100%6 0.094 2210,000 35,000 4,000
Ecuador 0.264 96%25 0.3623 211,139,315 445,573 4,000
Lesotho 0.260 67%6 0.095 12,079,000 346,500 43,000
Albania 0.257 86%7 0.107 03,385,000 483,571 60,000
Greenland 0.242 100%2 0.032 055,630 27,815 7,830
Viet Nam 0.234 87%104 1.50102 275,259,890 723,653 13,500
Swaziland 0.228 75%4 0.064 0745,000 186,250 76,000
Bulgaria 0.224 81%16 0.2311 59,117,720 569,858 11,000
Ireland 0.223 80%5 0.075 02,966,000 593,200 100,000
Argentina 0.213 74%39 0.5625 1437,269,717 955,634 10,000
Palestinian West Bank and Gaza 0.208 67%6 0.094 21,812,000 302,000 10,000
Germany 0.189 65%69 1.0027 4283,674,659 1,212,676 26,000
Somalia 0.179 77%13 0.1913 08,616,834 662,833 29,726
Greece 0.175 79%24 0.3514 1010,865,640 452,735 20,000
Armenia 0.174 91%11 0.166 53,748,539 340,776 4,700
Slovenia 0.174 80%10 0.144 61,908,637 190,864 4,022
Mauritania 0.172 78%9 0.136 32,725,734 302,859 30,000
Romania 0.168 83%23 0.3315 821,706,330 943,753 21,482
British Virgin Islands 0.167 100%2 0.032 021,730 10,865 2,000
Sweden 0.167 81%32 0.4615 178,581,331 268,167 10,000
Lebanon 0.161 89%9 0.136 34,266,500 474,056 18,000
Hungary 0.158 62%21 0.3012 911,234,528 534,978 21,000
Cambodia 0.157 92%24 0.3521 313,204,056 550,169 5,286
Turks and Caicos Islands 0.145 100%2 0.032 011,650 5,825 920
Anguilla 0.140 100%2 0.032 012,446 6,223 946
Finland 0.140 74%23 0.3312 115,077,028 220,740 4,500
Tuvalu 0.139 100%2 0.032 011,540 5,770 870
United Kingdom 0.139 82%55 0.8012 4359,301,657 1,078,212 30,000
Mexico 0.135 97%297 4.30291 692,701,909 312,128 5,000
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0.134 100%3 0.042 15,502 1,834 200
Liechtenstein 0.128 75%4 0.063 131,100 7,775 1,300
Australia 0.126 90%275 3.98231 4416,781,815 61,025 15
American Samoa 0.116 83%6 0.092 460,348 10,058 1,248
New Zealand 0.102 71%21 0.303 183,391,096 161,481 3,965
Uruguay 0.092 55%11 0.162 93,150,200 286,382 28,000
Barbados 0.091 100%2 0.032 0272,000 136,000 13,000
Croatia 0.087 75%8 0.126 25,025,365 628,171 22,810
Guadeloupe 0.084 100%4 0.064 0449,500 112,375 7,300
Nicaragua 0.081 71%7 0.107 04,538,124 648,303 30,000
Guyana 0.078 68%19 0.2716 3677,164 35,640 475
Palau 0.077 60%5 0.074 115,447 3,089 600
Niue 0.071 67%3 0.042 12,105 70278
Cape Verde Islands 0.070 100%2 0.032 0408,760 204,380 14,817
Czech Republic 0.069 89%9 0.138 110,372,655 1,152,517 33,500
Seychelles 0.067 100%3 0.043 075,278 25,093 1,601
Réunion 0.066 67%6 0.093 3573,900 95,650 8,000
Grenada 0.064 100%3 0.043 092,277 30,759 2,300
Poland 0.060 71%17 0.2511 637,704,010 2,217,883 38,000
Antigua and Barbuda 0.057 75%4 0.062 268,970 17,242 1,600
Honduras 0.056 92%13 0.1910 35,763,764 443,366 994
Tokelau 0.054 100%2 0.032 01,445 72240
Dominican Republic 0.053 75%8 0.124 47,079,500 884,938 8,000
Denmark 0.051 64%14 0.208 65,132,600 366,614 10,000
Costa Rica 0.050 77%13 0.199 43,385,392 260,415 4,500
Puerto Rico 0.049 54%13 0.193 103,525,391 271,184 1,556
Martinique 0.043 100%3 0.042 1427,784 142,595 9,000
Chile 0.034 67%12 0.179 314,041,312 1,170,109 2,000
Kiribati 0.033 100%3 0.042 159,312 19,771 500
Brazil 0.032 92%200 2.89188 12165,836,223 829,181 270
Colombia 0.030 92%83 1.2080 334,521,390 415,920 876
Japan 0.028 75%16 0.2315 1122,801,150 7,675,072 5,000
Marshall Islands 0.027 100%2 0.032 044,500 22,250 600
Montserrat 0.026 100%2 0.032 07,674 3,837 100
Venezuela 0.026 78%46 0.6740 621,763,459 473,119 650
Portugal 0.022 88%8 0.127 110,110,539 1,263,817 15,000
Saint Lucia 0.020 100%2 0.032 0159,778 79,889 1,600
Iceland 0.019 67%3 0.043 0232,250 77,417 2,250
Malta 0.016 67%3 0.043 0302,400 100,800 2,400
Tonga 0.014 67%3 0.043 097,024 32,341 690
Tunisia 0.012 80%10 0.146 49,052,498 905,250 3,000
Jamaica 0.011 67%6 0.093 32,680,636 446,773 5,000
Maldives 0.010 100%2 0.031 1284,096 142,048 1,400
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.010 100%2 0.032 039,200 19,600 200
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.009 100%3 0.042 1138,600 46,200 400
Burundi 0.004 100%4 0.063 14,609,456 1,152,364 2,200
El Salvador 0.004 71%7 0.105 25,912,816 844,688 500
Rwanda 0.004 80%5 0.073 26,504,952 1,300,990 2,300
Korea, South 0.003 50%4 0.062 242,063,600 10,515,900 63,600
Samoa 0.002 100%2 0.032 0199,577 99,788 200
Cuba 0.001 50%4 0.062 210,003,500 2,500,875 3,500
Haiti 0.000 100%2 0.032 06,965,149 3,482,574 600
Go to Summary by: World area | Language size | Language family | Country 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

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